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Industries · Insurance & Underwriting

Half the Country Just Regulated Your Algorithm

Twenty-four states plus the District of Columbia have adopted the NAIC's Model Bulletin on insurers' use of AI, requiring a written AI governance program, documented testing, bias assessment, and consumer notice before an algorithm touches underwriting or claims. AxiSentinel evaluates insurance AI against whichever state's adopted version actually applies.

$10.8B → $176.6B
Global AI-in-Insurance Market, 2025 to 2035
24
US States Have Adopted the NAIC AI Model Bulletin
Feb 1, 2024
First State Adoption: Alaska Insurance Bulletin B 24-01
NAIC Model Bulletin
The Governance Standard Driving State-by-State Adoption
32.2%
CAGR Through 2035, AI-in-Insurance Market
WHAT'S CHANGING

From Model Bulletin to Binding State Law

The NAIC adopted its Model Bulletin on the Use of Artificial Intelligence Systems by Insurers in December 2023. It isn't self-executing, each state's insurance commissioner has to adopt it before it binds insurers licensed there. Twenty-four states already have, and more are expected as 2026 legislative sessions continue.

Dec 2023
NAIC Adopts the Model Bulletin
A governance framework requiring a written AI program, testing, documentation, and consumer notice, but non-binding until a state adopts it.
Feb 1, 2024
Alaska Becomes First State to Adopt
Bulletin B 24-01, the first of what is now 24 state adoptions.
Mar 13, 2024
Illinois Adopts the Bulletin
One of the earliest and largest state markets to bind insurers to the standard.
Dec 9, 2024
Massachusetts Adopts the Bulletin
Extends coverage into another major insurance market.
Mar 18, 2025
Wisconsin Adopts the Bulletin
Confirms the pace of adoption continuing through 2025 and into 2026.
Dec 10, 2025
Hawaii Becomes the 24th State to Adopt
Hawaii's Insurance Commissioner adopted the Bulletin (Memorandum No. 2025-13A) on Dec 10, 2025, bringing the total to 24 states plus the District of Columbia. No further state adoptions confirmed as of this writing.
An insurer licensed in 24 states now has 24 slightly different versions of the same obligation to keep straight, and the list is still growing.

The evidence gap

A bias-testing report is a point-in-time exhibit for one regulator. AxiSentinel is built for what happens between filings: continuous evidence that an underwriting or claims model still behaves the way its last test said it would.

Who this page is for

  • Insurance carriers deploying AI in underwriting, pricing, or claims
  • InsurTech vendors selling AI models into regulated carriers
  • Health, life, and P&C insurers facing state-specific bulletin adoption
  • Compliance teams tracking a multi-state regulatory patchwork
Global Coverage

Every State That Has Adopted the Bulletin

Adoption is state-by-state, not federal. AxiSentinel tracks the growing list the same way it tracks every other state-law patchwork.

UNITED STATES / ALASKA
Bulletin B 24-01 (First Adoption)
LIVE

In force since February 1, 2024, the first state to bind insurers to the NAIC's governance, testing, and documentation requirements.

  • Governance program: a written, board-level AI-use policy required before deployment.
  • Consumer notice: policyholders must be told when AI is used in a covered decision.
AxiSentinel coverage: LIVE in the RegDef library today.
UNITED STATES / ILLINOIS
Illinois AI Bulletin Adoption
LIVE

One of the largest insurance markets to adopt the Bulletin, in force since March 13, 2024.

  • Testing requirement: validating, testing, and retesting AI outputs for generalization before and after deployment.
  • Vendor diligence: carriers remain responsible for third-party AI vendors' compliance.
AxiSentinel coverage: LIVE in the RegDef library today.
UNITED STATES / MASSACHUSETTS & WISCONSIN
Massachusetts & Wisconsin Bulletin Adoptions
IN FORCE

Adopted December 9, 2024 and March 18, 2025 respectively, extending Bulletin coverage into two more major markets.

  • Pattern reuse: both states adopted the NAIC's model text with minimal local variation.
AxiSentinel coverage: tracked, RegDef package build scheduled.
UNITED STATES / 20 ADDITIONAL STATES
Remaining Bulletin-Adopting States
IN FORCE, VARIES

24 states total have adopted the Bulletin as of this writing, each through its own insurance department bulletin or regulation.

  • Multi-state reconciliation: a carrier licensed nationally must track which of its states have adopted, and on what date.
AxiSentinel coverage: tracked, RegDef package build scheduled.
FEDERAL
State-Federal Preemption Debate
UNRESOLVED

A federal push to preempt state AI law has not invalidated any state insurance bulletin as of this writing; the Bulletin's state-by-state adoption model remains the operative rule.

  • Watch item: any federal insurance-AI rule would layer onto, not replace, existing state adoptions absent an explicit preemption.
AxiSentinel coverage: tracked as a watch item.
EUROPEAN UNION
EU AI Act Annex III, Point 5(c), Life & Health Insurance Pricing
HIGH-RISK, BINDING

Classifies AI used for risk assessment and pricing in life and health insurance as high-risk (property/casualty insurance is not covered). Compliance deadline for standalone Annex III systems was pushed from 2 August 2026 to 2 December 2027 under the EU's Digital Omnibus simplification package.

  • Scope: life and health insurance underwriting/pricing AI only; P&C is excluded.
  • Obligations: conformity assessment, risk-management system, human oversight, and technical documentation.
AxiSentinel coverage: tracked ahead of the December 2027 deadline.
CANADA
OSFI Guideline E-23, Model Risk Management
BINDING, EFFECTIVE MAY 2027

Finalized 11 September 2025 by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions. Explicitly covers federally regulated life and P&C insurers, extending model-risk governance to AI/ML systems and third-party vendor models.

  • Effective date: May 1, 2027, after an 18-month transition.
  • Scope expansion: unlike the 2017 predecessor, explicitly reaches AI/ML and vendor-supplied models, not just banks.
AxiSentinel coverage: tracked ahead of the May 2027 effective date.
CROSS-CUTTING
NIST AI RMF & ISO/IEC 42001
LIVE

General-purpose AI risk-management frameworks that already apply to any underwriting or claims model an insurer deploys.

  • Applies today: a pricing or claims-triage model is squarely inside these frameworks' scope, bulletin adoption aside.
AxiSentinel coverage: live in the RegDef library today.
Coverage

Use cases we evaluate

From a single underwriting model to a national book of business, AxiSentinel evaluates the software and evidence continuously, not just at filing time.

AI governance program evidence
Continuous evidence that a written, board-level AI-use policy actually governs deployed models, not just a filed document.
Bias and disparate-impact testing evidence
Evidence of pre- and post-deployment testing for unfair discrimination in pricing or claims outcomes.
Consumer AI-use notice compliance
Evidence that policyholders received the notice their state's bulletin requires, at the point their state requires it.
Underwriting model validation tracking
Evidence that an underwriting model's outputs generalize as tested, not just as originally validated.
Claims-denial explainability evidence
Evidence for how an AI-assisted claims decision reached its outcome, addressing adverse-action requirements.
Third-party AI vendor diligence evidence
Evidence of the audit rights and oversight a carrier exercises over its AI vendors.
Multi-state bulletin-adoption reconciliation
Evidence reconciling 24 different states' adoption dates and any local variations for one national carrier.
Pricing-model fairness re-testing evidence
Evidence that a pricing algorithm is retested on a schedule, not left unexamined after initial approval.
Data quality and provenance evidence
Evidence for the data feeding an underwriting or claims model, addressing the Bulletin's data-quality requirement.
AI-assisted claims-triage audit trail
Continuous evidence for models that route or prioritize claims, not just those that deny them.
Regulatory examination readiness review
Preparation evidence ahead of a state insurance department's own AI-focused market conduct exam.
Health, life, and P&C model-scope tracking
Evidence scoped to each line of business a carrier operates, since bulletin obligations apply across all of them.
Consumer complaint and appeal-pattern evidence
Evidence connecting AI-assisted decisions to any resulting consumer complaints or appeals.
New-state bulletin-adoption readiness tracking
Preparation evidence ahead of the next state insurance department adopting the Bulletin.
InsurTech vendor compliance-package evidence
Evidence a third-party AI vendor can hand to the carriers deploying its models.
Board-level AI oversight documentation
Evidence of the governance-committee involvement the Bulletin's written-program requirement expects.
Model-drift detection for underwriting AI
Evidence that a model's behavior hasn't silently drifted from what its last validation confirmed.
Federal preemption impact tracking
Evidence readiness for whichever way the state-federal AI preemption debate resolves.
Cross-line-of-business AI inventory evidence
Evidence of every AI system in use across underwriting, claims, marketing, and fraud detection.
Regulatory-exam and litigation-hold evidence package
A single evidence package assembled for either a regulator's exam or a litigation hold, without rebuilding it from scratch.
For Investors

Half the States Regulated It. The Rest Are Catching Up

24 states already require the governance program the NAIC Bulletin describes, and more are expected to adopt in 2026. AxiSentinel's evidence-chain architecture already generates continuous proof for regulated AI; insurance-specific evidence is a new RegDef surface on the same platform, not a new product.

$10.8B → $176.6B
GLOBAL AI-IN-INSURANCE MARKET, 2025 to 2035
32.2% CAGR (Precedence Research).
24
US STATES HAVE ADOPTED THE NAIC AI MODEL BULLETIN
Alaska first, February 2024.
Feb 1, 2024
FIRST STATE ADOPTION
Alaska Bulletin B 24-01.
$4.8B → $22.6B
AI TESTING & CERTIFICATION SERVICES MARKET, 2025 to 2032
24.6% CAGR (MarketsandMarkets).
$254.4B → $306.1B
GLOBAL TIC INDUSTRY, THE PARENT MARKET
3.8% CAGR (MarketsandMarkets).
37
PATENT CLAIMS ACROSS THREE PATENT-PENDING ARCHITECTURES
RegDef engine, cryptographic evidence chain, certificate registry.

The commercial logic, stated plainly

The honest risk picture

Market figures are drawn from third-party research houses whose scope definitions differ materially; ranges are presented rather than point estimates. Regulatory descriptions are summaries for orientation, not legal advice. Nothing on this page is an offer to sell securities.