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Industries · Robotics & Physical AI

Physical AI, Safe on Every Floor

AxiSentinel extends continuous AI compliance evaluation from software to embodied systems: industrial robots, collaborative robots, autonomous mobile robots, and humanoid platforms operating in the physical world, not just in the cloud.

$5.4B → $50.3B
Global Humanoid Robot Market, 2026 to 2035
28.1%
Humanoid Robot Market CAGR Through 2035
Jan 20, 2027
EU Machinery Regulation AI Obligations Apply
ISO 10218:2025
Industrial Robot Safety, Live in AxiSentinel Today
3
Physical AI Categories Tracked: Industrial, Mobile, Humanoid

Last verified: 23 October 2026

AxiLayer AI Assurance Intelligence

Mandates and deadlines for Robotics & Physical AI

4 industry-specific mandates and 61 that apply across all industries, worldwide.

Next date for this industry: 1 Nov 2026, Egypt PDPL compliance period ends.

See all 65 mandates →
See every deadline →
What's Changing

Robots Just Became a Machinery Compliance Problem

For most of the last two decades, robot safety was a mechanical-engineering discipline: force limits, e-stops, guarding. That changed the moment regulators started asking what happens when the robot's behavior comes from a model instead of a fixed program.

Jan 2025
ISO 10218-1:2025 / ISO 10218-2 Published
After nearly eight years in development, the revised industrial robot safety standard consolidates the former ISO/TS 15066 collaborative-robot thresholds directly into the main standard and adds explicit functional-safety and cybersecurity requirements.
Jul 28, 2026
FCC Adds Foreign Humanoid & Quadruped Robots to the Covered List
New FCC equipment authorizations for foreign-produced mobile robots, humanoids and quadrupeds included, are barred unless the producer holds Department of War approval; previously authorized models are unaffected.
Jan 20, 2027
EU Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 Applies
Replaces the 2006 Machinery Directive outright. Annex III lists machinery categories where safety-relevant behavior involves AI or self-evolving code; high-risk categories require third-party notified-body assessment, and manufacturers owe a minimum ten-year software-security-update duty.
In Development
ISO/FDIS 13482, Service Robot Safety
Successor to ISO 13482:2014, currently at Final Draft International Standard stage. Not yet published; tracked for its publication date.
Early Stage
ISO/AWI 15066-1, Collaborative Robot Thresholds
A dedicated successor standard for human-robot collaboration force and pressure limits. Work item just opened; too early to build against.
Feb 28, 2026
China Publishes a Humanoid Robot Standard System
MIIT’s technical committee released a standard system for humanoid robots and embodied intelligence, with an initial list of 52 standards.
Robots crossed from a mechanical-safety compliance problem into an AI compliance problem the moment the EU stopped treating AI-enabled machinery as software and started treating it as machinery with a mind.

The coverage gap

Every continuous AI-monitoring platform built so far was built for models that run in a data center. None of them were built to evaluate a robot that can share a floor with a person.

Who this page is for

  • Industrial and warehouse robot manufacturers and integrators
  • Humanoid and general-purpose robot developers
  • Enterprises deploying autonomous mobile robot fleets
  • Insurers and investors underwriting physical-AI risk
Global Coverage

Every standard that touches a robot's behavior

Physical AI sits at the intersection of machinery law and AI law. AxiSentinel tracks both, and builds RegDef packages the moment a standard is stable enough to evaluate against.

Global Standards
ISO 10218-1:2025 / ISO 10218-2
Live Binding

Industrial robot safety, now absorbing the former ISO/TS 15066 collaborative-robot thresholds directly into the main standard.

  • Functional safety: explicit requirements for robot behavior, not implied by mechanical design alone.
  • Collaborative thresholds: force and pressure limits for human-robot proximity work, previously a separate technical specification.
  • Cybersecurity: now addressed as part of industrial robot safety, not left to a separate IT standard.
AxiSentinel coverage: live in the RegDef library today.
European Union
Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230
Applies Jan 2027 Binding

Replaces the 2006 Machinery Directive outright and, for the first time, explicitly brings AI-based safety functions and self-evolving code into scope.

  • Notified-body assessment: mandatory third-party review for Annex I Part A high-risk machinery categories.
  • Ten-year cybersecurity duty: manufacturers must provide software security updates for at least a decade after market placement.
  • Direct liability: integrators, importers, and authorized representatives now carry compliance duties of their own.
AxiSentinel coverage: tracked, RegDef package build scheduled ahead of the January 2027 application date.
Germany · Automotive Supply Chain
IATF 16949:2016, Automotive Quality Management
Live Binding

The quality management standard Germany’s automotive OEMs and their robotics and automation suppliers require across product development, production, and service parts, layered on top of the AI-specific safety frameworks above, not a substitute for them.

  • IATF-administered, VDA among its founding members: a specialized extension of ISO 9001:2015 covering design, development, production, installation, and servicing for automotive supply-chain organizations.
  • Third-party certified only: accredited certification bodies audit and certify; certificates run three years with annual surveillance audits, no self-certification path.
  • Core tools required: APQP, PPAP, FMEA, MSA, and SPC across the quality system a robot manufacturer’s own QMS evidence has to show.
AxiSentinel coverage: live in the RegDef library today.
United States
FCC Covered List, Foreign Humanoid & Quadruped Robots
Context

Added 28 Jul 2026. A procurement and import restriction targeting specific foreign-made robot categories, not yet an operational compliance rule for deployers.

  • Supply-chain screening: relevant to sourcing and procurement decisions, not to a robot's in-service behavior.
AxiSentinel coverage: monitored as supply-chain context, not built as an operational RegDef package.
International Standards
ISO/FDIS 13482, Service Robot Safety
Not Yet Published

Successor to ISO 13482:2014, the baseline personal-care and service-robot safety standard, currently at Final Draft International Standard stage.

  • Personal-care robots: covers robots operating in direct proximity to non-expert users, a distinct risk profile from industrial cells.
AxiSentinel coverage: tracked for publication.
International Standards
ISO/AWI 15066-1, Collaborative Robot Thresholds
Early Stage

Formally titled "Collaborative Safety, Physical Contact with Robots, Part 1: Biomechanical Thresholds and Data" on ISO's work program. A dedicated successor to the collaborative-robot force and pressure guidance now folded into ISO 10218, expanding it into its own standard.

  • Work item opened: too early in development to build a RegDef package against with confidence.
AxiSentinel coverage: tracked, not yet buildable.
Cross-Cutting
NIST AI RMF & ISO/IEC 42001
Live

General-purpose AI risk-management frameworks that already apply to any AI component inside a robotic system, physical embodiment or not.

  • Applies regardless of form factor: a robot's perception, planning, or control model is still an AI system under these frameworks.
AxiSentinel coverage: live in the RegDef library today.
Going Global

Physical AI doesn’t stay in one country for long

Humanoid and industrial robot manufacturers are moving fast, licensing platforms, opening regional production, shipping into markets they have never sold into before. Thailand alone is now a manufacturing hub for humanoid robot components, not just a customer market. The manufacturers moving fastest are the ones who show up in a new market with trust already built in, not scrambling to prove it after the fact.

For Integrators

Selling other people’s robots into enterprise accounts

If you are the one bidding for the account, not the one who built the robot, you are the one who has to answer for it when the buyer asks hard questions. Give your customers an answer that isn’t “trust me.”

Coverage

Use cases we evaluate

From a single cobot on a factory floor to a fleet of humanoid platforms, AxiSentinel evaluates physical-AI behavior against whichever standard actually applies.

Collaborative robot force & pressure compliance
ISO 10218-2 thresholds, evaluated continuously against telemetry, not a one-time certification test.
Industrial robot functional safety verification
ISO 10218-1 design and manufacturing requirements.
Autonomous mobile robot fleet collision-avoidance evidence
Physical-safety standards for equipment operating near human workers.
Humanoid robot deployment readiness
EU Machinery Regulation Annex III AI-embedded machinery categories, tracked ahead of Jan 2027.
Warehouse pick-and-pack robot uptime & safety telemetry
Continuous evidence for high-throughput logistics deployments.
Robot software security-update lifecycle tracking
The Machinery Regulation's ten-year update duty, evidenced over time.
Notified-body assessment evidence package
Annex I Part A high-risk machinery category documentation.
Cross-border robot import & procurement screening
FCC Covered List and related supply-chain restrictions.
Service robot safety readiness review
ISO/FDIS 13482 tracking ahead of publication.
Autonomous mobile robot geofencing & workspace-boundary evidence
Operational-envelope compliance for shared-floor deployments.
Robot-human proximity incident logging
Timestamped, evidence-linked records of every proximity threshold breach.
Firmware & model provenance for embodied AI
Version and update tracking for the software actually running on the robot.
Physical-AI model drift detection
Perception and actuation stack monitored for behavior drift over time.
Human oversight-gap scoring for autonomous physical actions
Evidence for how much human judgment sits behind a robot's decisions.
China's Humanoid Robotics & Embodied Intelligence Standard System tracking
2026 Edition, monitored for build-readiness.
Warehouse & logistics robot incident correlation
Cross-referencing safety telemetry against reported incidents.
Robot end-of-arm tooling risk assessment
Evidence for the specific tooling attached to a given robot, not just the base platform.
Physical-AI insurance & underwriting evidence package
Continuous evidence built for carriers underwriting robotics risk.
Robot cybersecurity vulnerability disclosure tracking
Evidence trail for the Machinery Regulation's cybersecurity obligations.
Humanoid robot workplace-deployment readiness review
Pre-deployment evidence gathering ahead of a new robot class entering service.
Auditable AI Decisions

AI-assisted design and deployment decisions for physical AI

Robot makers and integrators use AI to choose components, control strategies and deployment settings. When a machine works near people, the reasoning behind those choices matters as much as the result.

  • Decision recordsObjectives, options, safety constraints, assumptions and risks recorded for each AI-assisted design or deployment decision.
  • TraceabilityEvery recommendation linked to the models, simulations and test results it relied on.
  • Reproducible resultsThe same inputs give the same recommendation, with a clear view of what would change it.
  • Human sign-off and refreshA named engineer approves, and decisions are reviewed again when the robot, the site or the rules change.
A qualified AxiLayer AI auditor reviews and signs every decision record before it counts.
AI cybersecurity

AI cybersecurity for robotics

A robot acts in the physical world, so an attack on its AI can become a safety event. AxiLayer AI works hand in hand with your cybersecurity team to test, monitor and evidence that these AI systems stay secure, under your written authorization.

Threats we assess

Manipulated perception
Adversarial patterns or spoofed sensors that make a robot misread its surroundings.
Compromised control paths
Commands injected through networks, apps or AI assistants that drive the machine.
Update and supply chain tampering
Firmware, models or components altered before they reach the robot.

Security rules and standards to plan for

EU Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230
Applies from 20 January 2027; cyber threats must not compromise safety functions, with protection against corruption required.
IEC 62443
Industrial automation and control system security for robot cells and their networks.
EU AI Act
AI safety components of machinery fall under Article 15 security from 2 August 2028.

Explore AI Cybersecurity Request an AI Cybersecurity Readiness Review

Status as of 28 October 2026. General information, not legal advice. Certifications, CE marking and regulated assessments named here are issued by the bodies the law designates.

Early accessHome robots that behave differently when a child is present. See Family Safety Assurance.
Questions

Frequently asked questions

What safety and AI rules apply to robots and humanoids in 2026?

ISO 10218-1 and -2:2025, published in January 2025, now set industrial robot safety, folding in collaborative-robot thresholds and adding functional-safety and cybersecurity requirements. China published a humanoid robot standard system with 52 initial standards on 28 February 2026, and on 28 July 2026 the FCC added foreign humanoid and quadruped robots to its Covered List. The EU Machinery Regulation applies from 20 January 2027.

When does the EU Machinery Regulation apply to AI-enabled robots?

From 20 January 2027, when it replaces the 2006 Machinery Directive and brings AI-based safety functions and self-evolving code into scope for the first time. High-risk machinery categories require third-party notified-body assessment, manufacturers must provide software security updates for at least ten years, and integrators, importers and authorized representatives carry compliance duties of their own.

How do we prove a collaborative robot stays within force and pressure limits?

Collaborative robot force and pressure limits now sit inside ISO 10218:2025, which absorbed the former ISO/TS 15066 thresholds. Rather than relying on a one-time certification test, makers and integrators can evaluate those thresholds continuously against robot telemetry and keep timestamped records of every proximity threshold breach. A dedicated successor standard, ISO/AWI 15066-1, is still at an early stage.

What is a robotics AI audit and who performs it?

A robotics AI audit is a third-party assessment of how an industrial robot, collaborative robot, autonomous mobile robot or humanoid actually behaves on the floor. It tests safety thresholds, perception and actuation drift, workspace boundaries, firmware and model provenance, and human oversight against the standards that apply. A qualified AxiLayer AI auditor reviews and signs every finding.

How can AxiLayer AI help robot makers and integrators with AI compliance?

AxiLayer AI evaluates physical AI continuously with AxiSentinel against the standards and rules that apply in each market a robot ships into, including ISO 10218:2025, the EU Machinery Regulation and NIST AI RMF. Every finding is reviewed and signed by a qualified AxiLayer AI auditor, giving your customers evidence instead of assurances. Request a briefing to start.

Last verified: 23 October 2026. See every mandate for this industry on the AI Audit Mandates Map.